HIV can be asymptomatic for 15 years
Many people who are infected with HIV can remain unaware of their infection for as long as 15 years because they have not yet developed any symptoms.
The reasons for why HIV infection can be asymptomatic are complex but often relate to a person’s initial state of health, quality of nutrition, genetic factors and environmental issues such as where they live and the types of infections and diseases they are exposed to.
Regardless of whether or not someone with HIV is experiencing symptoms, the virus will have begun to destroy their immune system and they will be capable of passing the virus onto others.
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Detecting HIV infection
The
only way to know if someone has HIV is to take an HIV test. The earlier HIV is diagnosed, the more chance there is for anti-retroviral treatment to be used effectively to protect the immune system from further damage. When a very late HIV diagnosis is made, anti-retroviral treatments often do not take effect because of the damage that has already been sustained over many years.
Early detection of HIV
The majority of people who are infected with HIV experience what is known as a seroconversion illness around two to six weeks after they were first exposed to the virus. This illness often takes the form of a sore throat, rash, fever or occasionally more serious symptoms that might require hospitalisation.
Anyone who suspects that they may have been exposed to HIV should arrange to be tested. An early diagnosis will ensure prompt access to appropriate treatment and may save their life.
Aidsmap: Stages of Infection
Last updated April 2010